Why did Johann Weyer write De praestigiis daemonum?: How Anti-Catholicism inspired the Landmark Plea for the Witches
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.18352/bmgn-lchr.9436Keywords:
Witchcraft, Jan Wier, Johann Weyer, religion, Roman-CatholicismAbstract
Johann Weyer (1515/1516-1588)’s book De praestigiis daemonum, et incantationibus ac veneficiis (On devilish delusions and on enchantments and poisonings), first published in Basel in 1563, counts as a systematic attack on witch theories and witch trials. Vera Hoorens argues that Weyer wrote it not only to defend the witches but also and, perhaps even more, as an instrument to criticise the Catholic Church. This reinterpretation solves the problems that are associated with the traditional interpretation of De praestigiis daemonum, including the variety of its contents, Weyer’s seemingly enigmatic source use, and his having written the book before and not during the increase in witch trials. The article answers a number
of questions that are raised by the reinterpretation, including those surrounding Weyer’s religious persuasion, why contemporaries and historians almost unanimously viewed De praestigiis daemonum as a treatise against witch trials, and the extent to which he truly cared about the witches.
Waarom schreef Jan Wier De praestigiis daemonum?
Jan Wier (1515/1516-1588)’s boek De praestigiis daemonum, et incantationibus ac veneficiis (Over duivelse begoochelingen en over betoveringen en gifmengerijen), waarvan de eerste editie in 1563 in Basel verscheen, geldt als een systematische aanval op heksentheorieën en heksenprocessen. Vera Hoorens betoogt dat Wier het niet enkel schreef om de heksen te verdedigen, maar ook, en misschien nog wel meer, als een instrument voor zijn kritiek op de Katholieke Kerk. Deze herinterpretatie lost de problemen op die geassocieerd zijn met de traditionele interpretatie van De praestigiis daemonum, namelijk de verscheidenheid van zijn inhoud, Wiers schijnbaar raadselachtig bronnengebruik, en het feit dat hij zijn boek schreef voordat en niet terwijl de heksenprocessen toenamen. Dit artikel beantwoordt een aantal vragen die de voorgestelde herinterpretatie oproept, zoals wat Wiers religieuze overtuiging was, waarom tijdgenoten en historici De praestigiis daemonum bijna unaniem zagen als een traktaat tegen de heksenprocessen, en in welke mate Wier echt om de heksen gaf.
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